History
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Before starting from 1940s, the term
“autism” itself was found in 1910s by Paul Eugen Bleuler. Bleuler defines the
“autism” from the book called Dementia Praecox or the Group
of Schizophrenias that basically issued as Sweden Language. Bleuler coined up
the term “autism” based on serious mental illness called schizophrenia. Bleuler
term if schizophrenia was existed by adult disease, while “autism” is the term
of psychosis disorder (detach from reality and relative predominance in inner
life) that occur on children age without any description which age was occur
on. As the term spread on worldwide, the clinicians believed if the term of
“autism” would develop on childhood age then being serious illness that
co-occur later in adulthood; which results as being hospitalized and being
cared by nearby family relatives.
In 1920s, a briefly types of autism was discovered. Started
from psychiatrist called Grunya Sukhareva, she describing her
experiences of being a psychiatrist by observing eleven children on her
pathways of research. Sukhareva describes the characteristic of three of eleven
children that having a special outlook. One of child has been proficient
reading on five years of age in overall the subject in twelve years old, one
another children has being proficient of music, specially on violin playing,
but the subject suffers to reading a social cue on its surrounding, and one
another child has talented on specific proficient of math, but the subject
could not recognize the face and emotion properly. Therefore, these three child
specificality has been a major issue of identifying the basic signs of autism
on childhood age in general later.
The briefly term about
autism itself was founded by Leo Kanner, who has suffered a serious mental
disorder called schizophrenia. His suffering mental condition was discovered
that an autistic individual would be no same as schizophrenia and defined an
autism as a separate and distinct condition. With his keen occupation to define
an autism spectrum in general, he is one of key concept to define “an autism
people as an individual that have a lack of social communication, restrictive
and repetitive interests and behavior, and lack motivation to change (Elias,
2025). Therefore, this theory itself called as “Kanner Syndrome” before the
full name of autism spectrum has been discovered on.
Hans Asperger later developing the theory called “Asperger
Syndrome”. Asperger defines the autism itself as the disorder that the patient
has a disorder of empathy, little ability for the friendships, one-sided
conversation, intense absorption of special interests, and being clumsy on
appearance of seems to be odd to others. In other different by Kanner theory
is, the patient that mentioned up by Asperger has an excellent way to thinking
on multiple interest, excellent intelligence of language, and profound of being
excellent on math and logical thinking.
These several theorists and clinical psychiatrist later have
been profound to discover the further theory about autism spectrum disorder on
medical way. In 1979, an official of autism spectrum term was founded by Lorna Wing and Judith
Gould. They theorized from Kanner theory about the prevalence of autism
children based on several experiment. What of kind result of their theory based
on London School is from 15 per 10.000 children in the UK has a difficulty of
social interaction, communication, and imagination. These three difficulties
itself known as “the triad of impairments of autism spectrum”.
All of these theories being speculated as the theory of base of the term autism into broader spectrum. On 1970s to 1980s era, many general parents do not realize and know about autism in general because they misinterpret autism as the psychosis disease of children and mental retardation. In further study, autism itself does not involve again into schizophrenia, making the autism no longer into disease that occur on like psychosis session.